The Evolution of Technology in India's Capital Markets
An equity trade executed on the National Stock Exchange today is matched in milliseconds, cleared through a central counterparty, settled electronically, and reflected in a demat account without a single sheet of paper changing hands. A century ago, the same transaction required handwritten ledgers, physical share certificates, manual verification, and days or even weeks to complete. The evolution of India’s stock market is therefore less a story of rising share prices than of successive technological revolutions that transformed how markets themselves operate.